Short answers, pulled from the story.
Buzz Aldrin, a Presbyterian, performed a private communion service on the lunar surface during the Apollo 11 mission, using a kit provided by his church. He had originally planned to broadcast the service to Earth but was asked not to by Deke Slayton due to ongoing controversy from the Apollo 8 Genesis reading.
Several Muslim astronauts carried Qurans to space, including Saudi astronaut Sultan bin Salman Al Saud, Afghan astronaut Abdul Ahad Momand, Kazakh astronaut Talgat Musabayev, and Malaysian astronaut Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor, who brought two Qurans. The Quran carried by Musabayev is preserved and on display at the Presidential Center in Kazakhstan.
The Department of Islamic Development Malaysia issued an 18-page fatwa offering four options in order of preference: face the Kaaba, face the point directly above the Kaaba at orbital altitude, face the Earth, or face wherever is possible. Turkey's Diyanet took a simpler position, ruling that facing the Earth is sufficient.
Bill Anders, Jim Lovell, and Frank Borman read from the Book of Genesis as Apollo 8 orbited the Moon on Christmas Eve, 1968. American Atheists founder Madalyn Murray O'Hair filed a lawsuit alleging the observance amounted to a government endorsement of religion in violation of the First Amendment, but the case was dismissed.
In 2014, the General Authority of Islamic Affairs and Endowment in the United Arab Emirates issued a fatwa prohibiting Muslims from participating in the Mars One project, which proposed a permanent one-way mission to Mars. The fatwa ruled that such a mission amounted to suicide, which is not religiously permissible under Islamic law.
Ellison Onizuka was the first Buddhist to go to space, flying aboard STS-51-C. He was also the first Asian-American, the first person of Japanese descent, and the first Hawaiian to travel to space. He died during the Challenger disaster in 1986.