Short answers, pulled from the story.
Martin Luther published his Ninety-five Theses on the 31st of October 1517. He addressed this letter to Albert of Brandenburg regarding the sale of indulgences while serving as a theology professor at the University of Wittenberg in Saxony.
Frederick the Wise arranged for Martin Luther's abduction and held him in Wartburg Castle from the 4th of May until the following year. During this time, Luther translated the New Testament into High German and composed religious hymns published in collections starting in 1524.
The self-governing free imperial cities served as the first centers of the Reformation movement with Strasbourg and Ulm adopting reforms early. Urban magistrates supported these changes while affluent middle classes enforced them in Hanseatic League cities closer to ideological hubs like Wittenberg and Basel.
Ignatius Loyola founded the Society of Jesus after abandoning his military career to write the Spiritual Exercises devotional guide. The order expanded rapidly between 1540 and 1550 growing from about 1,000 members to around 3,500 while establishing a well-organized schooling system.
The Council of Trent met in series sessions from December 1545 to 1548, 1551 to 1552, and concluded its final session from 1562 to 1563. This council addressed issues including transubstantiation ordination justification and the improvement quality of priests through diocesan seminaries.