Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh was founded on the 27th of September 1925, by K. B. Hedgewar, a doctor in Nagpur, British India. The founding meeting on Vijaya Dashami day included Hedgewar and four Hindu Mahasabha leaders: B. S. Moonje, Ganesh Savarkar, L. V. Paranjpe, and B. B. Tholkar.
No. The RSS actively avoided any anti-British activity throughout the independence movement. Under both Hedgewar and his successor M. S. Golwalkar, the organisation collaborated with the British colonial regime, complied with British wartime restrictions during World War II, and declined to participate in the 1942 Quit India Movement or the 1946 Royal Indian Navy mutiny. Golwalkar later openly acknowledged this stance.
The RSS was banned on the 4th of February 1948, following the assassination of Mahatma Gandhi on the 30th of January 1948 by Nathuram Godse, a member of the RSS. Deputy Prime Minister Vallabhbhai Patel stated that RSS men had distributed sweets and expressed joy after Gandhi's death, and described the organisation's speeches as "full of communal poison." The ban was lifted on the 11th of July 1949 after the RSS agreed to adopt a formal written constitution.
The RSS Annual Report of 2019 recorded 84,877 shakhas, of which 59,266 were held daily and more than 17,000 were weekly. At a shakha, male members train in physical fitness, yoga, and martial arts, practice first aid, and hear nationalist stories. Shakhas became constituency-based in the early 1970s, at which point they also began feeding directly into electoral operations.
The Sangh Parivar, meaning "Sangh family," is the collective of Hindutva organisations that the RSS founded and leads. It includes the Bharatiya Janata Party, the Vishva Hindu Parishad, the Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad, the Bharatiya Kisan Sangh, the Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh, Vidya Bharati, the Rashtra Sevika Samiti, and the Vanavasi Kalyan Ashram, among others. In most cases, RSS pracharaks were seconded to manage these affiliated organisations in their founding years.
The RSS refused to recognise the Tricolor as India's national flag after it was adopted on the 22nd of July 1947, with its magazine Organiser demanding the saffron Bhagwa Dhwaj instead. The organisation hoisted the Tricolor at its Nagpur headquarters only twice before 2002, when it finally raised the flag on Republic Day for the first time in fifty-two years. Similarly, the RSS opposed the Constitution of India, with Golwalkar describing it in 1966 as having "absolutely nothing which can be called our own" and preferring the authority of the ancient Manusmriti.