Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Air Defence of Great Britain officially became Fighter Command on the 1st of May 1936. This change marked a shift from earlier air defence groups to a more specialized control structure for fighter aircraft.
11 Group took the brunt of the attack while controlling southeast England and London. It received reinforcement from 10 Group covering southwest England, 12 Group handling the Midlands and East Anglia, and 13 Group protecting northern England and Scotland.
RAF squadrons engaged large numbers of aircraft during the Dieppe Raid and claimed 106 victories while preventing interference in ground and sea battles. Postwar analysis showed the RAF lost 106 aircraft including 88 fighters and 18 bombers.
Surface-to-air missiles improved quickly enough to threaten any manned aircraft and the UK faced serious danger of bankruptcy due to its defence spending levels. The rate of improvement in missile technology indicated that manned aircraft would soon become obsolete.
Fighter Command itself was disbanded for the second time in 1968 when it was subsumed by Strike Command. Responsibility for the Royal Observer Corps transferred to Strike Command on the 31st of March 1968 after remaining under Fighter Command administration until that date.