Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Supreme Court ruled racial segregation constitutional in Plessy v. Ferguson in the year 1896. This decision mandated that states create a comprehensive legal framework to enforce the separation of black and white citizens in every aspect of public life.
President Harry S. Truman signed Executive Order 9981 on the 26th of July 1948 to end segregation in the United States Armed Forces. This decision marked a significant step forward, although the integration of the military remained a slow and often difficult process.
Jackie Robinson broke the color line in baseball in 1947 when he joined the Brooklyn Dodgers. This event opened the doors for many African American baseball players to follow after him and marked a significant step forward in the integration of sports.
The Professional Golfers Association of America lifted its color restrictions on golf in 1961. Golf remained racially segregated until this year, when the association finally removed the barriers that had excluded black players.
The Supreme Court declared separate educational facilities inherently unequal in Brown v. Board of Education in 1954. This landmark decision unanimously overturned the doctrine of separate but equal and marked the beginning of the end for the Jim Crow era.
The Fair Housing Act prohibited housing discrimination on the basis of race in 1968. This legislation aimed to end the effects of redlining and restrictive covenants, although the legacy of segregation continues to impact the racial composition of neighborhoods.