Short answers, pulled from the story.
De jure racial segregation was outlawed through a series of federal laws: the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, and the Fair Housing Act of 1968. Segregation in public schools was specifically ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education in 1954.
Plessy v. Ferguson was a U.S. Supreme Court decision issued in 1896, which upheld the constitutionality of a Louisiana law requiring separate railroad carriages for Black and white passengers under the doctrine of "separate but equal." The ruling gave legal legitimacy to segregation throughout the South and was not overturned in the context of public schools until Brown v. Board of Education in 1954.
Redlining was the practice of marking neighborhoods with Black residents as high-risk on maps created by the Home Owners' Loan Corporation, which made those neighborhoods ineligible for federally backed mortgages. The Federal Housing Administration's underwriting manual explicitly endorsed this approach after the National Housing Act of 1934, systematically denying Black families the low-interest loans available to white families and locking them out of suburban homeownership.
Jim Crow laws were state and local statutes, primarily in the Southern United States, that mandated racial segregation in nearly all public facilities and services after the end of Reconstruction. They took their name from a stereotypical 1830s Black minstrel show character and required separate schools, hospitals, hotels, parks, telephone booths, and even library sections for Black and white residents. They were in force across most of the South until the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
President Harry S. Truman signed Executive Order 9981 on the 26th of July 1948, ending segregation in the United States Armed Forces. Before that order, Black units were separated from white units; the Army Air Corps and the Marines had no Black enlisted members at all during World War II, and before the war the army had only five African American officers.
Loving v. Virginia was a 1967 Supreme Court decision that struck down anti-miscegenation laws, which banned interracial marriage. The case arose after Virginia officers in 1958 dragged Mildred and Richard Loving from their home for living together as an interracial couple under a statute that classified the act as a felony punishable by up to five years in prison. By 1924, interracial marriage had still been banned in 29 states.