Short answers, pulled from the story.
The term punk rock became a call to action in December 1976 when the fanzine Sideburns published a famous illustration of three chords with the caption to form a band. Critics like Lester Bangs and Greg Shaw had used the word since the early 1970s to describe garage bands, but this moment transformed it into a declaration that anyone could play rock and roll.
Iggy Pop is often referred to as the godfather of punk rock and he formed the Stooges in Ann Arbor, Michigan in 1969. The Stooges released their self-titled debut album produced by John Cale and were followed by Fun House and Raw Power to establish a blueprint for punk rock.
Patti Smith recorded the single Hey Joe/Piss Factory on the 5th of June 1974 and released it on her own Mer Records label as the first punk rock record. The single featured Television guitarist Tom Verlaine and heralded the scene's DIY ethic.
The group played its first gig as the Sex Pistols on the 6th of November 1975 at Saint Martin's School of Art. Johnny Rotten had auditioned for and won the job of lead singer for the band formerly known as the Strand.
The hardcore punk movement was emerging in Southern California by 1979 and developed a rivalry with the older punk rock crowd. Hardcore appealed to a younger suburban audience and was perceived by some as anti-intellectual and overly violent.
The Great Schism of punk occurred right as the 1980s were approaching when melodic new wave artists began to separate themselves from hardcore punk. By 1979 the hardcore punk movement was emerging in Southern California and the movement had split deeply along cultural and musical lines.