Short answers, pulled from the story.
Punk rock emerged in the mid-1970s, rooted in 1950s rock and roll and 1960s garage rock. By late 1976 it had become a major cultural phenomenon in the United Kingdom, and by 1977 its influence had spread worldwide.
Key early bands include the Ramones, Television, Patti Smith, and Richard Hell and the Voidoids in New York City; the Sex Pistols, the Clash, the Damned, and the Buzzcocks in England; and the MC5 and the Stooges from Detroit, whose records Fun House and Raw Power helped establish a blueprint for punk rock.
The DIY (do-it-yourself) ethic in punk rock meant artists self-produced and distributed recordings through independent labels. Patti Smith's 1974 single "Hey Joe"/"Piss Factory" was released on her own Mer Records label, and the Buzzcocks' self-released EP Spiral Scratch became a benchmark for the ethic in the UK.
CBGB, a club in Lower Manhattan, was central to the formation of New York's punk scene beginning in early 1974. Television, Patti Smith, the Ramones, and Richard Hell and the Voidoids all played there regularly, and the Ramones played their first show at CBGB in August 1974.
The Sex Pistols' appearance on Thames Television's Today show on the 1st of December 1976, in which guitarist Steve Jones swore at host Bill Grundy, made punk a household name in the UK within twenty-four hours. Their single "God Save the Queen" reached number two on the UK singles chart in May 1977 despite being banned by the BBC.
Riot grrrl was a feminist movement that applied punk's DIY ethic and anti-establishment values to convey feminist messages. It emerged in 1991, heralded by a concert at the International Pop Underground Convention in Olympia, Washington, that featured Bikini Kill, Bratmobile, Heavens to Betsy, L7, and Mecca Normal. Bikini Kill's Kathleen Hanna became its iconic figure.