Short answers, pulled from the story.
Plato suggested that the brain is where mental processes take place in 387 BCE. This idea stood in contrast to Aristotle's view from 335 BC, which claimed the heart was the center of thought.
Wilhelm Wundt established the first psychological laboratory at Leipzig University in the late nineteenth century. Hermann von Helmholtz trained physiologist Wilhelm Wundt before he moved to Leipzig.
John B. Watson coined the term behaviorism for this school of thought in 1913. The American Psychological Association shifted opinion away from mentalism towards behavioralism between 1910 and 1913.
Harvard, Columbia, Brown, Cornell, Wisconsin, and Northwestern were among institutions teaching eugenics in psychology classes. Eugenics became a standard topic in psychology classes during the 1910s and 1920s.
Mamie Phipps Clark conducted doll tests throughout the 1940s showing black children preferred white dolls due to racial discrimination. Her research helped decide the landmark Brown v. Board of Education decision in 1954.