Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Latin word privatus referred to things set apart from what is public, personal and belonging to oneself rather than the state. This term literally means to be deprived of something through the verb privere.
The first publication advocating privacy in the United States appeared in 1890 when Samuel Warren and Louis Brandeis wrote The Right to Privacy mainly in response to increased newspapers and photographs enabled by printing technologies.
The Supreme Court ruled unanimously in United States v. Jones in 2012 that warrantless GPS tracking of Antoine Jones' car infringed the Fourth Amendment following his arrest for drug possession.
The Constitution of Brazil states privacy private life honor and image are inviolable while South Africa's constitution declares everyone has a right to privacy. Korea's Republic constitution protects citizens from infringement of their privacy and Italy defines similar rights within its constitutional framework.
Facebook-Cambridge Analytica data scandal became a major privacy concern while Apple received reactions for features prohibiting advertisers from tracking user data without consent. Google attempted introducing FLoC as an alternative to cookies claiming reduced privacy harms but retracted the proposal due to antitrust probes contradicting their claims.