Short answers, pulled from the story.
Printing is a process for mass reproducing text and images using a master form or template. Conventional printing separates the image area from the non-image area, and its four process types are planographic, relief, intaglio, and porous or stencil.
Johannes Gutenberg introduced the first movable-type printing system in Europe around 1450. He cast type from an alloy of lead, tin, antimony, copper, and bismuth, adapted the screw-press, used oil-based ink, and produced the Gutenberg Bible in 1455.
Woodblock printing originated in China in antiquity, first as a method of printing on textiles and later on paper. Mechanical woodblock printing on paper began during the seventh century in the Tang dynasty and spread throughout East Asia.
The Diamond Sutra of 868, uncovered from Dunhuang and held by the British Library, is the first completely surviving printed book. The Jikji, published in 1377, is the earliest known metal printed book.
Around 1040, Bi Sheng created the first known movable type system in China out of porcelain. By 1298 Wang Zhen had carved more durable wooden type, and around 1230 Koreans invented a bronze metal movable type.
After Gutenberg's press, European book output rose from a few million to around one billion copies within less than four centuries. Print enabled critical, dangerous, creative, extensive, and private reading, and gave rise to new occupations such as printers, proof-correctors, booksellers, and librarians.
The steam-powered rotary printing press was invented in 1843 in the United States by Richard M. Hoe and allowed millions of copies of a page in a single day. Its original design produced 8,000 pages per hour, and William Bullock later significantly improved rotary drum printing.