Short answers, pulled from the story.
Primitivism is a mode of aesthetic idealization that means to recreate the experience of the primitive time, place, and person. This movement proposes that people of a primitive society possess a morality and an ethics superior to the urban value system of civilized people.
Paul Gauguin included Tahitian imagery in his oil paintings during the late 19th century. He painted Spirit of the Dead Watching from 1892 and Parau na te Varua ino also from 1892 before creating Cruel Tales in 1902.
Roger Fry organized the exhibition titled Manet and the Post-Impressionists held at Grafton Galleries London on November 1910. The event showcased works by Paul Cézanne, Paul Gauguin, Henri Matisse, Édouard Manet, Pablo Picasso, and Vincent Van Gogh.
Neo-primitivism was a Russian art movement taking name from 31-page pamphlet Neo-primitivizm by Aleksandr Shevchenko. It considered type of avant-garde movement proposed as new style modern painting fusing elements of Cézanne, Cubism, and Futurism with traditional Russian folk art conventions notably Russian icon and lubok.
Négritude movement began 1930s francophone artists intellectuals both sides Atlantic Ocean readily adopted continental Africa African diaspora. In rejection Western rationalism European colonialism Négritude artists idealized pre-colonial Africa composed societies culturally united before Europeans arrived Africa.