Short answers, pulled from the story.
LGBTQ pride is the promotion of the rights, self-affirmation, dignity, equality, and increased visibility of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer people as a social group. Pride, as opposed to shame and social stigma, is the predominant outlook that supports most LGBTQ rights movements.
The term is claimed by Thom Higgins, a gay rights activist and former Catholic Church member in Minnesota, and also by Jack Baker and Michael McConnell, an activist couple also from Minnesota. Michael McConnell introduced the term in Chicago in 1971. Brenda Howard, Robert A. Martin, and L. Craig Schoonmaker are credited with popularizing it.
The Stonewall Inn riot on the 28th of June, 1969, in Greenwich Village, Manhattan, is widely regarded as the watershed moment. Police raided the bar at 43 Christopher Street and patrons fought back; the subsequent protests over following nights became the impetus for organizing large-scale pride marches.
The first Gay Pride march in New York history took place on the 28th of June, 1970, the first anniversary of the Stonewall riots. It was called Christopher Street Liberation Day and covered 51 blocks to Central Park. Chicago Gay Liberation held its own march the day before, on the 27th of June, 1970.
Artist Gilbert Baker designed the rainbow flag in 1978. The original version had eight colors with specific meanings for the LGBTQ community. It has been revised over the years and now most commonly appears as six horizontal stripes of red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet.
Three presidents have officially declared a Pride Month. Bill Clinton declared June Gay and Lesbian Pride Month in 1999 and 2000. Barack Obama declared June LGBTQ Pride Month each year from 2009 to 2016. Joe Biden declared June LGBTQ Pride Month in 2021. Donald Trump acknowledged Pride Month in 2019 via a tweet, later released as an official statement, making him the first Republican president to do so.