Short answers, pulled from the story.
Chaim Weizmann won the first presidential election on the 16th of February 1949 to become the inaugural president of Israel. His term officially began following that vote which established him as the head of state.
Since 2000 presidents serve a single seven-year period instead of the five-year terms used from 1949 through 2000. The previous system allowed up to two consecutive five-year terms while the current rule limits service to one seven-year term.
The president holds broad power to pardon reduce or commute sentences for both soldiers and civilians at his own discretion. Decisions occur after receiving applicant information and consulting with the minister of justice or the minister of defense depending on the case type.
Isaac Herzog was elected as the eleventh president on the 2nd of June 2021. His term officially began on the 9th of July 2021 marking him as the first president born in modern Israel after independence declaration.
Moshe Katsav became the first Likud president breaking the pattern where all leaders from Yitzhak Ben-Zvi to Ezer Weizman belonged to the Labor Party. He defeated Labor's Shimon Peres in 2000 by secret ballot to assume the presidency.