Short answers, pulled from the story.
Gouverneur Morris, a Pennsylvania delegate to the 1787 Constitutional Convention, wrote the Preamble to the United States Constitution. He led the Committee on Style, which was assigned to produce the Constitution's final draft during the convention's closing days at Independence Hall in Philadelphia. The Preamble was never debated on the convention floor before Morris's version was adopted.
The Preamble to the United States Constitution serves solely as an introduction. It does not grant powers to the federal government or impose specific limits on government action. No court has used it as the decisive factor in a case, except to dismiss frivolous lawsuits, though courts do cite it as evidence of the Founders' intentions when interpreting the Constitution.
The Preamble to the United States Constitution says "We the People" because listing individual states by name became unworkable under the new ratification rules. The Constitution would take effect once nine of the thirteen states approved it, making a state-by-state opening untenable if any states declined to ratify. Earlier American documents, including the Articles of Confederation and the 1783 Treaty of Paris, had listed the states from north to south.
In the language of 1787, "a more perfect Union" in the Preamble to the United States Constitution meant a more complete or finished union, referring to the shift away from the Articles of Confederation. After the Civil War and the ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment, the Supreme Court interpreted the phrase as describing a federal government with enough power to act directly upon citizens. In 2008, Barack Obama's widely reported speech "A More Perfect Union" extended the phrase's popular meaning to describe an ongoing process of national improvement.
The Preamble to the United States Constitution confirms that the Constitution was made for, and is binding only in, the United States of America. In Casement v. Squier, a World War II serviceman tried by an American court in China was held not to have the constitutional right to a jury trial. The Supreme Court held in 1901 that there may be places within American jurisdiction that are no part of the Union, a principle applied in a series of cases involving Puerto Rico and Washington, D.C.
A Schoolhouse Rock! segment titled "The Preamble," which began airing in 1976, set the words of the Preamble to the United States Constitution to music. Later studies found the segment was effective at reinforcing long-term memory of the words, though a spoken version proved more effective for understanding their meaning. The segment omitted the phrase "of the United States" from the first line for metric reasons.