Short answers, pulled from the story.
Pre-industrial society refers to social, political, and cultural forms that existed before the Industrial Revolution, which took place from 1750 to 1850. The exact end date of the pre-industrial era is not formally defined, even in modern climate agreements that use the period as a reference point.
In pre-industrial societies, peasants typically made up around 98 percent of the population. The vast majority of people worked the land at a subsistence level, feeding themselves and the small class of lords above them.
Pre-industrial societies operated under several economic systems, including hunter-gatherer arrangements, traditional economies, mercantilism, subsistence agriculture, and planned economies. The most common pattern was subsistence agriculture, where farming was primarily done to feed the people performing it.
Harsh working conditions, child labor, dirty living conditions, and long working hours were features of pre-industrial society. Life was very static, with most people born into a social station and remaining there, living at a subsistence level.
The Paris Agreement, adopted on the 12th of December 2015 and in force from the 4th of November 2016, aims to limit global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius, and preferably 1.5 degrees Celsius, compared to pre-industrial levels. This makes the temperature of the pre-industrial era a legal and scientific baseline for measuring climate change.
Communications were limited between communities in pre-industrial societies. Few people had the opportunity to see or hear beyond their own village, a condition historians describe as parochialism. Industrial societies later grew with the help of faster communication, enabling knowledge transfer and cultural diffusion.