Short answers, pulled from the story.
Portuguese explorers discovered the uninhabited island on the 17th of January 1471. They initially named it Santo Antão before King John II renamed it Príncipe in honour of his son Afonso.
The island reaches 947 metres at Pico do Príncipe located in the south. This peak represents the highest point within the heavily eroded volcanic landmass that covers approximately 136 square kilometres.
Arthur Stanley Eddington and his team conducted observations during the total solar eclipse of the 29th of May 1919 to test Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity. The images revealed evidence of starlight bending exactly as predicted, providing crucial support for new physics frameworks.
José Cassandra served as autonomous president from 2006 until 2020 after João Paulo Cassandra held the position between 2005 and 2006. Damião Vaz d'Almeida previously acted as Prime Minister before focusing on regional affairs.
UNESCO established the Island of Príncipe Biosphere Reserve in 2012 under its Man and the Biosphere Programme. The biosphere was extended to cover all of São Tomé in 2025 making it the first country entirely designated this way.