Short answers, pulled from the story.
Postmodern architecture emerged in 1966 when Robert Venturi published Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture. This text fundamentally altered the trajectory of building design by rejecting the sterile uniformity of the International Style.
Michael Graves designed the Portland Building in 1982 as one of the first major structures in the postmodern style. The building features obtruding triangular forms that exist for aesthetic purposes rather than structural necessity.
The AT&T Building, now 550 Madison Avenue, is the best-known of all postmodern buildings due to its purely decorative top modeled after Chippendale furniture. Philip Johnson designed this structure to dramatically shift course from his previous modernist icons like the Glass House.
International contributors include Aldo Rossi in Italy, Christian de Portzamparc in France, Ricardo Bofill in Spain, Helmut Jahn in Germany, James Stirling in the UK, and Tadao Ando and Arata Isozaki in Japan. These architects demonstrated that the movement was a diverse set of responses to the limitations of modernism.
The Advanced Masters-Level Course in the History and Theory of Architecture was offered by Dalibor Vesely and Joseph Rykwert at the University of Essex in England between 1968 and 1978. This was the first of its kind, followed by PhD programs at MIT and Cornell in the mid-1970s and later at Columbia, Berkeley, and Princeton.