Short answers, pulled from the story.
Portuguese literature in its broader sense refers to literature written in the Portuguese language across the Portuguese-speaking world, including authors from Portugal, Brazil, Angola, Mozambique, and other Community of Portuguese Language Countries. In its strict sense it refers to literature from Portugal itself.
Luís de Camões (1524 - the 10th of June 1580) was the author of Os Lusíadas, the Portuguese national epic. He is considered one of the greatest national poets, and the date of his death, the 10th of June, became Portugal's national holiday, formally named the Dia de Portugal, das Comunidades Portuguesas e de Camões.
The cantigas d'amigo are female-voiced love lyric poems from the medieval Galician-Portuguese tradition, composed by male poets at aristocratic courts in Galicia and northern Portugal. They are considered the largest surviving body of female-voiced love lyric from ancient or medieval Europe, with the total medieval corpus running to around 1,685 texts.
Eça de Queirós (1845-1900) was a Portuguese novelist born in Póvoa de Varzim, near Porto, known as the Portuguese Zola and the founder of Portuguese Naturalism. His most famous works include Os Maias (1878), O Crime do Padre Amaro (1876), and O Primo Bazilio (1878); he accepted a consular post in Paris in 1888 and died there on the 16th of August 1900.
Fernando Pessoa (1888-1935) used heteronyms to write in different styles not usually available to a single poet, allowing him to inhabit entirely distinct literary identities. His epic-lyric poem Mensagem, his only book published in Portuguese in his lifetime, deals with Sebastianism and the prophesied return of King Sebastian to lead Portugal to govern a Fifth Empire.
José Saramago (1922-2010) won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1998. He was a Portuguese novelist whose works include Memorial do Convento.