Short answers, pulled from the story.
Wadi al-Jarf on the Red Sea holds the remains of one of the world's oldest known artificial harbors. Ancient anchors lie scattered among these harbor structures, marking a time when maritime trade began to take shape in human history.
These entities enjoyed political autonomy and economic prosperity driven by their maritime activities starting from the Middle Ages. The term itself was coined during the 19th century but now appears on flags of the Italian Navy since 1947.
The Port Newark, Elizabeth Marine Terminal in New Jersey became the world's first maritime container seaport and remains one of the largest and busiest. Commercial seaports include cruise ports and cargo ports, while non-commercial ones encompass marinas and fishing ports.
Every year 100 million cubic metres of marine sediment are dredged to improve waterways around global ports. This practice disturbs local ecosystems and brings sediments into the water column while stirring up captured pollutants.
The port of Shanghai regained its position as world's busiest container port in 2010 after leading cargo tonnage since 2009. Singapore ranks second globally in total shipping tonnage and transships a third of all world containers plus half of annual crude oil supply.