Short answers, pulled from the story.
Alessandro Farnese entered the world on the 29th of February 1468 in Canino, Latium. His family background carried a heavy shadow of scandal that followed him into the highest offices of the Church.
Alessandro Farnese took a mistress named Silvia Ruffini between 1500 and 1510 who bore him at least four children: Costanza, Pier Luigi, Paolo, and Ranuccio. Pope Julius II legitimated the two eldest sons in July 1505 so they could inherit the Farnese family estates.
The Council of Trent finally convoked on the 15th of March 1545 under the bull Laetare Hierusalem after years of political maneuvering. Emperor Charles V insisted on a larger council following the fruitless Regensburg Conference to address Protestant challenges across Europe.
Paul issued the bull Sublimis Deus in May and June 1537 declaring indigenous peoples human beings who should not be robbed of their freedom or possessions. The implementing document Pastorale officium declared automatic excommunication for anyone failing to abide by the new ruling despite later annulment.
Michelangelo oversaw the completion of the Last Judgement in the Sistine Chapel in 1541 following his renewal of the commission after Pope Clement VII died in 1534. Paul also appointed elderly Michelangelo to supervise St. Peter's Basilica construction in 1546 after Sangallo's death.