Short answers, pulled from the story.
Pompey was born on the 29th of September 106 BC in Picenum, in northeastern Italy. He was assassinated on the 28th of September 48 BC at Pelusium in Egypt, killed by Lucius Septimius, a Roman officer who had previously served under him, when he went ashore to greet an official delegation from Ptolemy XIII.
Pompey's own troops first gave him the title Magnus, meaning "the Great," during his African campaign in 82-81 BC, in reference to their admiration for Alexander the Great. Sulla subsequently granted him the cognomen officially. His adversaries used a different name, adulescentulus carnifex, meaning "teenage butcher."
The First Triumvirate was an informal political alliance formed in 60 BC between Pompey, Julius Caesar, and Marcus Licinius Crassus. Pompey's contribution was his reputation as Rome's foremost military commander and his popularity with the urban electorate. The alliance was cemented by Pompey's marriage to Caesar's daughter Julia, and it effectively collapsed after Julia died in 54 BC and Crassus was killed at Carrhae in 53 BC.
Pompey divided the Mediterranean into zones and assigned fifteen legates to patrol specific areas simultaneously, preventing pirates from escaping a Roman fleet by moving to a different sea. He secured the grain route to Rome first, then swept east and defeated the pirates at their stronghold at Coracaesium in the Battle of Korakesion. The entire campaign took three months in 67 BC.
After a three-month siege of the Temple Mount, Pompey entered the Holy of Holies, a space only the high priest was permitted to enter once a year. He did not take the Temple's treasures and ordered it cleansed and worship restored the following day. He installed Hyrcanus II as a client high priest and took Aristobulus II and his sons to Rome as captives.
At Pharsalus on the 9th of August 48 BC, Pompey commanded roughly 38,000 men and 7,000 cavalry against Caesar's 22,000 men and 1,000 cavalry. His plan to use superior cavalry to outflank Caesar's left was anticipated; Caesar repulsed the charge and the Pompeian infantry, caught from the left and front, collapsed. Ancient sources suggest Pompey was also pressured into giving battle before he was ready, abandoning his strategy of starving Caesar's army into submission.