Short answers, pulled from the story.
Physiology is the scientific study of functions and mechanisms in a living system. It focuses on how organisms, organ systems, individual organs, cells, and biomolecules carry out chemical and physical functions.
The study of human physiology as a medical field originates in classical Greece during the late 5th century BC. Hippocrates incorporated the theory of humorism involving four basic substances: earth, water, air and fire.
Jean Fernel introduced the term physiology between 1497 and 1558. Luigi Galvani described electricity's role in frog nerves in 1791 and César Julien Jean Legallois studied respiration in animal dissection in 1811.
On the 3rd of July 1915 six women were officially admitted to The Physiological Society: Florence Buchanan, Winifred Cullis, Ruth Skelton, Sarah C. M. Sowton, Constance Leetham Terry, and Enid M. Tribe. Ida Hyde became the first female member of the American Physiological Society in 1902.
Walter B. Cannon championed homeostasis in 1929 meaning maintenance of steady states in the body. Homeostasis represents the body's ability to regulate its internal environment through physiological processes.