Short answers, pulled from the story.
Heinrich Hertz observed a strange behavior inside his spark-gap apparatus where removing a glass panel allowed ultraviolet radiation to increase spark length. This observation marked the first recorded instance of what we now call the photoelectric effect.
Aleksandr Stoletov performed detailed analysis of the photoeffect between 1888 and 1891 and reported results in six separate publications. He discovered a direct proportionality between light intensity and induced photoelectric current that later became known as Stoletov's law.
Albert Einstein received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect published in 1905. His work proposed that light energy is carried in discrete quantized packets rather than continuous waves.
Measurements taken in 2010 revealed electron emission takes approximately 20 attoseconds while later studies involving tungsten indicated around 100 attoseconds are required to liberate an electron. A broad consensus now emerges that photoemission involves finite time rather than being instantaneous.
Light from the Sun hitting lunar dust causes it to become positively charged via the photoelectric effect which allows charged dust to repel itself and lift off the Moon surface through electrostatic levitation. Surveyor program probes photographed this phenomenon in the 1960s and Chang'e 3 rover observed dust deposition on lunar rocks reaching heights of about 28 centimeters.