Short answers, pulled from the story.
Phoenix was settled in 1867 by Jack Swilling, who founded the Swilling Irrigation and Canal Company and established the first crop fields. The town was officially recognized by the Yavapai County board of supervisors on the 4th of May 1868. Governor John C. Fremont signed the Phoenix Charter Bill on the 25th of February 1881, formally incorporating Phoenix as a city with a population of around 2,500.
The Five C's anchoring Phoenix's early economy were cotton, cattle, citrus, climate, and copper. These remained the driving forces of the city's economy until after World War II, when high-tech companies began moving into the valley and air conditioning made Phoenix's hot summers more livable.
Phoenix holds the record for the hottest average monthly temperature of any major U.S. city, recording a daily mean of 102.7 degrees Fahrenheit in July 2023. On the 26th of June 1990, the all-time high of 122 degrees Fahrenheit was recorded. On average, the city sees 111 days per year with highs of at least 100 degrees Fahrenheit and 21 days with highs above 110 degrees.
Jack Swilling was a Confederate veteran of the Civil War who prospected near the mining town of Wickenburg in Arizona Territory. Traveling through the Salt River Valley in 1867, he recognized its agricultural potential and observed mounds of earth indicating old irrigation canals dug by earlier peoples. He formed the Swilling Irrigation and Canal Company that same year, dug a large canal, planted the valley's first crop fields, and became Phoenix's first postmaster when the town was recognized in 1868.
The Miranda Warning is the legal requirement that police inform criminal suspects of their rights before interrogation. It originates from the case of Ernesto Miranda, who was arrested in Phoenix on the 16th of March 1963. The Supreme Court ruling in Miranda v. Arizona on the 13th of June 1966 established the nationwide practice of issuing Miranda Warnings.
The Hohokam were a people who occupied the Phoenix area for approximately 2,000 years and built roughly 135 miles of irrigation canals that made the desert arable. Periods of drought and severe floods between 1300 and 1450 are believed to have led them to abandon the area. The paths of their original canals were later used as the foundations for the Arizona Canal, the Central Arizona Project Canal, and the Hayden-Rhodes Aqueduct.