Short answers, pulled from the story.
Adam Smith published An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations in 1776. This text established a foundational definition for economics that has evolved over centuries.
Alexander Rosenberg published Microeconomic Laws: A Philosophical Analysis in 1976. Daniel M. Hausman followed this work with extensive critiques and analyses starting three decades ago to question whether economic theories make truth claims about reality or merely describe perceptions.
Paul Anand published Foundations of Rational Choice Under Risk through Oxford University Press in 1993 and 1995. His work focused on foundational concepts regarding choice, preference, rationality, risk, and uncertainty within decision theory.
John Rawls presented A Theory of Justice in 1971 while Robert Nozick offered Anarchy, State and Utopia in 1974. Utilitarianism emerged as an ethical methodology intertwined with the birth of modern economic thought.
Vernon L. Smith later contributed Constructivist and Ecological Rationality in Economics to the American Economic Review in 2003. This research examined experimental economics as a tool for validating theoretical models.