Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Philippines campaign began on the 6th of November 1941 when General Hisaichi Terauchi created the Southern Expeditionary Army Group. The campaign concluded with the surrender of all Allied forces by May 1942 after the fall of Corregidor Island on the 6th of May.
Lieutenant General Masaharu Homma led the Fourteenth Army which landed at Lingayen Gulf and Lamon Bay on the 22nd of December 1941. General Hisaichi Terauchi created the Southern Expeditionary Army Group to oversee operations including the Philippines invasion as part of a Greater East Asia War strategy.
Japanese bombers attacked Clark Field at 12:40 achieving tactical surprise and destroying 12 of 17 American heavy bombers present. By nightfall FEAF combat strength had been reduced to 12 operable B-17s, 22 P-40s, and 8 P-35s while every other aircraft was destroyed or captured by the 24th of December.
Ultimately 80,000 troops and 26,000 refugees flooded into Bataan after MacArthur invoked Orange 3 on the 24th of December. Units held open escape routes including San Fernando and steel bridges at Calumpit over the Pampanga River while executing leapfrogging retrograde techniques crossing bridges by the 1st of January.
The Japanese began their final assault on Corregidor on the 1st of May with an artillery barrage followed by landings on the night of the 5th and the 6th of May. Wainwright accepted terms of surrender on the 6th of May and sent a message ordering Sharp to surrender Visayan-Mindanao Force on the 8th of May.