Short answers, pulled from the story.
Philip V of Spain was born on the 19th of December 1683 at the Palace of Versailles and died on the 9th of July 1746 in El Escorial, Madrid. He was buried in his favorite Royal Palace of La Granja de San Ildefonso near Segovia.
Philip V of Spain became King of Spain when his great-uncle King Charles II of Spain died childless on the 1st of November 1700 and named Philip as his heir in his will. Philip was the second son of Louis, Grand Dauphin, and Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria, holding the title of Duke of Anjou before ascending the throne.
Beginning in 1707, Philip V of Spain issued the Nueva Planta decrees to centralize Spanish rule under the Castilian political and administrative model. These laws abolished the charters of independently administered kingdoms within Spain, most notably the Crown of Aragon, while leaving the Kingdom of Navarre and the rest of the Basque region with semi-autonomous self-government.
Philip V of Spain abdicated the Spanish throne on the 14th of January 1724 due to his increasing mental decline and desire to no longer rule. His son Louis died of smallpox on the 31st of August 1724, leading to Philip's restoration to the throne six days later to avoid a regency for his second son Ferdinand.
Beginning in August 1737, the castrato singer Farinelli eased Philip V of Spain's mental illness by singing eight or nine arias for the King and Queen every night. Farinelli served as the Musico de Camara of Their Majesties and his performances were credited with lifting Philip's spirits during bouts of manic depression and deep melancholia.