Short answers, pulled from the story.
Merchants moved petroleum from the Apsheron peninsula to distant markets including Iran, Iraq, and India during the 3rd and 4th centuries. Charles Marvin wrote in 1877 that irrefutable proof existed showing oil exports began 2500 years ago from this region where Baku now stands.
Haji Kasimbey Mansurbekov began the world's first undersea oil extraction in 1803 from two wells located 18 meters and 30 meters from the coast in Bibi-Heybat bay. These early structures were later destroyed by a strong storm in 1825.
The State Oil Fund of Azerbaijan founded by decree of former president Heydar Aliyev on the 29th of December 1999 began operating in 2001. Approximate financial reserves reached 34.7 billion dollars maintaining macroeconomic stability while decreasing dependence on oil revenues.
President Heydar Aliyev signed International Contract No. 1 on the 20th of September 1994, ratified by Parliament on December 2 and effective December 12. This agreement required $60 billion investment and became known as the Contract of the Century due to potential reserves estimated at vast quantities.
Entirely, 344,133,525 tons transported via BTC pipeline from June 2006 until the 1st of November 2017. The Baku, Tbilisi, Ceyhan pipeline transports crude oil from the Azeri, Chirag, Gunashli oil field on the Caspian Sea to Ceyhan, a port on the south-eastern Mediterranean coast of Turkey.