Short answers, pulled from the story.
Manuel I signed the decree of expulsion on the 5th of December 1496 primarily to satisfy a demand from Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand of Spain, who made the removal of non-Catholics from Portugal an unstated condition for their daughter Isabella's marriage to Manuel. Some historians also link the decision to ambitions of conquering Morocco and the influence of the king's Dominican confessor, Friar Jorge Vogado.
Jews who refused to pay taxes in protest were deported and abandoned on the islands of Sao Tome and Principe off the western coast of Africa. The initial 1496 expulsion decree was converted into a forced conversion order in 1497, which prevented Jews from leaving Portugal at all and required them to be baptized as Christians.
The Lisbon massacre of 1506 killed approximately 2,000 people. It was a violent episode targeting conversos, Jews who had converted to Christianity under pressure. After the massacre, Manuel I allowed conversos to leave Portugal, and many emigrated to the Ottoman Empire, Morocco, Amsterdam, Brazil, and the Antilles.
The Belmonte Jews, known as the Last of the Marranos, were a small crypto-Jewish community centered in Belmonte in Castelo Branco who practiced their faith in strict secrecy for centuries. They survived by intermarrying within the community and maintaining very limited contact with the outside world, and only re-established contact with the international Jewish community in the late 20th century.
The philosopher Baruch Spinoza, born Bento de Espinosa in Portuguese, and the classical economist David Ricardo are among the most famous descendants of Portuguese Jews who lived outside Portugal. Spinoza's ancestors were crypto-Jews who eventually left Portugal and openly returned to Judaism in the Netherlands.
Yes. In 2014, the Portuguese parliament changed the nationality law to grant citizenship to descendants of Sephardi Jews expelled from Portugal. Applicants must demonstrate direct descent from a Sephardi of Portuguese origin, and use of Ladino or Judaeo-Portuguese expressions in Jewish rites can serve as supporting evidence. From 2015 onward, several hundred Turkish Jews who proved descent from those expelled in 1497 emigrated to Portugal and acquired citizenship.