Short answers, pulled from the story.
Permesta was a rebel movement founded on the 2nd of March 1957 by civil and military leaders in eastern Indonesia. Its name is a syllabic abbreviation of Perjuangan Semesta, meaning Universal Struggle Charter. The movement demanded greater regional autonomy and a fairer distribution of government revenue, and explicitly stated it was not seeking to break away from Indonesia.
Permesta was proclaimed by Lt. Col. Ventje Sumual at the governor's residence in Makassar at 3:00 am on the 2nd of March 1957, in front of approximately 50 attendees. Sumual declared a state of war across the entire territory of eastern Indonesia and Lt. Col. Muhammad Saleh Lahade read the Universal Struggle Charter aloud.
Yes. Beginning in January 1958, the CIA developed covert support networks for Permesta and the PRRI rebels. Support included six M2 Browning .50 caliber machine guns, 15 B-26 Invader bombers, P-51 Mustang fighters, pilots, mechanics, and spare parts. Foreign personnel included CIA agents and mercenaries from Taiwan, the Philippines, Poland, and the United States.
Allen Pope was a CIA pilot flying for Permesta's Revolutionary Air Force. He was shot down on the 18th of May 1958 over Ambon by Capt. Ignatius Dewanto after attacking an Indonesian naval transport ship. His capture exposed US covert involvement in the rebellion and coincided with a shift in US policy toward supporting the central Indonesian government instead.
The last Permesta leader, Sumual, surrendered on the 20th of October 1961. Presidential Decree No. 322 of 1961, issued on the 22nd of June 1961, formally granted amnesty. The conflict killed 4,000 government soldiers and 2,000 Permesta rebels.
On the 17th of February 1958, Permesta formally joined forces with the Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Indonesia, known as the PRRI, which had declared itself in Padang on the 15th of February 1958. Permesta leaders including Sumual, Warouw, and Lahade received cabinet posts in the PRRI government. After government forces defeated the PRRI in Sumatra, military operations shifted east to the Permesta stronghold in North Sulawesi.