Short answers, pulled from the story.
Allen Lane founded Penguin Books later in 1934 after observing cheap paperbacks at Exeter St Davids station. The first thirty titles appeared on the 30th of July 1935 as an imprint of The Bodley Head.
The original design featured three horizontal bands with specific colors for each genre including orange and white for general fiction, green and white for crime fiction, cerise and white for travel and adventure, dark blue and white for biographies, purple and white for essays, and grey and white for world affairs.
Paper rationing began in March 1940 when France fell cutting off esparto grass supplies which forced changes to production. Regulations from January 1942 eliminated dust jackets and replaced sewn bindings with metal staples due to material shortages.
D.H. Lawrence's Lady Chatterley's Lover remained unpublished in the United Kingdom until 1960 when Allen Lane decided to publish it despite predicted obscenity charges. At least three million five hundred thousand copies sold following the verdict which heralded the end of book censorship though final defeat came later during the Inside Linda Lovelace trial of 1978.
Pearson PLC acquired Penguin on the 21st of August 1970 six weeks after Allen Lane died on the 7th of July 1970. Financial trouble had plagued the company throughout the late 1960s before Pearson stepped in to take over operations.