Short answers, pulled from the story.
Pauline Baynes was an English illustrator born on the 9th of September 1922 in Hove, East Sussex, who contributed drawings and paintings to more than 200 books. She is best known for illustrating all seven volumes of C. S. Lewis's Chronicles of Narnia and for creating the iconic cover art and poster maps for J. R. R. Tolkien's The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings.
Pauline Baynes won the Kate Greenaway Medal, the highest honour in British children's book illustration, for her almost six hundred illustrations for Grant Uden's A Dictionary of Chivalry, recognised as the best book illustrations of 1968. She also received a runner-up's commendation in 1972 for her illustrations for Helen Piers's Snail and Caterpillar.
In 1948 Baynes sent Allen and Unwin a set of comic reinterpretations of marginalia from the mediaeval Luttrell Psalter. Tolkien saw her specimen drawings for Farmer Giles of Ham and was won over, writing on the 16th of March 1949 that her illustrations were "more than illustrations" and had reduced his text to "a commentary on the drawings." She went on to illustrate Farmer Giles of Ham, The Adventures of Tom Bombadil, Smith of Wootton Major, and created the celebrated cover art and maps for The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings.
Baynes sold her illustrations to C. S. Lewis's publisher for a flat fee of just £100 per book. She was too unworldly to negotiate a royalties deal. As of 1998 the Narnia stories had sold more than one hundred million copies, and she was ruefully aware that a first edition of The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe would sell for more than she had been paid to illustrate it.
Lewis praised Baynes effusively in his letters, calling her drawings "really excellent" with "a wealth of vigorous detail," but privately told Dorothy L. Sayers that her "total ignorance of animal anatomy" was a persistent problem. He felt the faces of her children were "empty, expressionless and too alike" and wrote that she limped in drawing quadrupeds, though he acknowledged her botanical forms were "lovely" and her vocation was decoration.
Baynes bequeathed her archive of several hundred drawings and paintings, along with a library of more than two thousand books and her intellectual property rights, to the Oxford Programme of Williams College in Williamstown, Massachusetts, to be housed in the Chapin Library of Rare Books. A second, smaller archive is held at the University of Oregon.