Short answers, pulled from the story.
Paul Gauguin died on the morning of the 8th of May 1903, in Atuona on the island of Hiva-Oa in the Marquesas Islands. He was found dead by his neighbor Tioka and was buried that same afternoon in the Catholic Calvary Cemetery in Atuona.
Gauguin worked as a stockbroker at the Paris Bourse for eleven years, earning 30,000 francs a year by 1879. He began painting in his spare time while still a broker, and shifted to full-time painting after the Paris stock market crashed in 1882.
Gauguin and Vincent van Gogh spent nine weeks painting together at Vincent's Yellow House in Arles in 1888. Their relationship deteriorated, and on the evening of the 23rd of December 1888, Vincent confronted Gauguin with a straight razor and later that night cut off his own left ear. Gauguin left Arles the following morning and the two never met again.
Gauguin regarded this large canvas as his masterpiece and final artistic testament, completing it at the end of 1897 after learning of his daughter Aline's death and facing debt and failing health. He wrote to his friend Monfreid that he tried to kill himself after finishing it. Vollard exhibited the painting in November 1898 to mixed critical reviews and sold it in 1901 for 2,500 francs.
Gauguin was the first artist to systematically use Primitivism and achieve broad public success, influencing Fauvism, Cubism, and Orphism. Pablo Picasso, Henri Matisse, Georges Braque, and Andre Derain were among the artists shaped by his posthumous retrospective exhibitions at the Salon d'Automne in 1903 and 1906.
Maison du Jouir, meaning House of Pleasure, was the two-floor house Gauguin built in Atuona on the island of Hiva-Oa in the Marquesas Islands. The carved polychrome wood lintel and jambs from its door survive in museums, with four of the five pieces held at the Musee d'Orsay and the fifth at the Paul Gauguin Museum in Tahiti. The Paul Gauguin Cultural Center at Atuona includes a reconstruction of the house.