Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Athenian state launched a massive building project on the Acropolis in 447 BC, with construction continuing until 432 BC. Architects Ictinos and Callicrates began their work that same year to oversee the team of skilled quarrymen.
The architects chose an octastyle Doric design featuring eight columns across the front instead of the traditional six found in typical temples. Optical refinements include stylobate curving upward at its center by 10.3 centimeters over a span of 70 meters and columns exhibiting entasis swelling slightly near the base.
The cella housed a chryselephantine statue of Athena Parthenos sculpted by Phidias and dedicated in either 439 or 438 BC. This massive work is now lost known only through copies vase paintings literary descriptions and coins.
In final decades of fifth century conversion transformed structure into Christian church dedicated to Virgin Mary called Church of Parthenos Maria. During Morean War spanning 1684 to 1699 Venetians sent expedition led Francesco Morosini attack Athens capture Acropolis causing explosion on twenty sixth September 1687 that blew central portion.
From eighteen oh one to eighteen twelve agents Thomas Bruce seventh Earl Elgin removed about half surviving Parthenon sculptures sending Britain efforts establish private museum. In nineteen eighty three Greek government formally asked UK government return sculptures British Museum subsequently listed dispute UNESCO while British Museum consistently refused return.