Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Pallas family is a small group of B-type asteroids orbiting at very high inclinations in the intermediate asteroid belt. It is named after 2 Pallas, an extremely large asteroid with a mean diameter of about 512 km, and is considered a cratering family formed from ejecta thrown off Pallas during an ancient impact.
Kiyotsugu Hirayama identified the Pallas family in 1928. Hirayama developed the method of using proper orbital elements to group asteroids by their shared origin.
2 Pallas has a mean diameter of about 512 km, making it extremely large. The next largest confirmed member, 5222 Ioffe, has an estimated diameter of only 22 km, illustrating the vast size gap between the parent body and the rest of the family.
The Pallas family is classified as a cratering family because 2 Pallas is so large that it survived the impact that created the group. The smaller members are composed of ejecta thrown from Pallas's surface rather than fragments of a destroyed body. Their shared B-type spectral classification supports this origin.
3200 Phaethon is a suspected member of the Pallas family and is the parent body of the Geminid meteor shower. Its possible Palladian origin suggests that debris from an ancient impact on 2 Pallas may ultimately be responsible for the Geminid meteors visible from Earth each year.
Palladian asteroids have proper semi-major axes ranging from about 2.71 to 2.79 AU, proper eccentricities between roughly 0.25 and 0.31, and proper inclinations between approximately 32 and 34 degrees. Those high inclinations distinguish the family from most of the main asteroid belt.