Short answers, pulled from the story.
A 50 cm thick layer of rusty colored clay at Oued Djerfane in Tunisia marks the start of the Paleogene period. This thin band contains an iridium anomaly from a massive asteroid impact deposited over just a few days around 66 million years ago.
India collided with Tibet around 55 million years ago after drifting northward at roughly 18 cm per year. This collision produced the Himalayas through the scraping of metasedimentary rocks off the Indian continental crust.
The crater lies buried under the Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico. Similar layers appear worldwide containing microtektites and shocked quartz that confirm the extraterrestrial collision.
This warming event lasted from about 56 to 48 million years ago and reached global mean surface temperatures of 31.6 degrees Celsius. The condition was ten to fifteen degrees higher than current annual means due to rapid release of frozen methane clathrates from seafloor sediments.
Africa collided with Eurasia to form the Alpine-Himalayan mountain chains including arcuate ranges stretching from the Tell-Rif-Betic cordillera to the Taurides. Subduction zones developed along the western Mediterranean where the European plate moved beneath Africa by 40 million years ago.