Short answers, pulled from the story.
Prince Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, began building the residence in 1433 under the name Bella Court. Margaret of Anjou later renamed it the Palace of Placentia after Humphrey died in prison in 1447.
Henry VIII was born at Greenwich in 1491, Mary I in 1516, and Elizabeth I in 1533. All three births took place at the palace during its time as the principal royal residence of England.
Charles II ordered the demolition of the old palace in 1660 to make way for a new royal residence. Only the east range of the proposed new building was ever completed, and construction of Greenwich Hospital began on the remaining site in 1694.
The Queen's House, designed by architect Inigo Jones in the early seventeenth century, is often credited as the first classical building in England. It was a deliberate departure from the Tudor style of the original palace and is the only surviving building from the seventeenth-century additions to the estate.
The friary church at Greenwich served as the chapel royal and hosted several major Tudor ceremonies, including the marriage of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon and the christenings of Mary I and Elizabeth I. Henry VIII also married Anne of Cleves at Greenwich in 1540.
Excavations completed in January 2006 uncovered the Tudor Chapel and Vestry with its tiled floor intact. Further work in 2017 revealed two more Tudor palace rooms, one containing bee holes for winter hives and another believed to be part of the service range, along with lead-glazed floor tiles.