Short answers, pulled from the story.
Prince Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, began constructing the Palace of Placentia in 1433. He started the project under the name Bella Court as a place of pleasure and escape from the political turmoil of London. His reign of power ended in 1447 when he was arrested for high treason and died in prison.
King Henry VII transformed the crumbling remnants of the Palace of Placentia between 1498 and 1504. The master mason Robert Vertue oversaw the construction which included a five-storey tower or donjon and lodgings that derived from Burgundian precedents. The design featured a red-brick exterior and a structure that extended along 200 meters of the River Thames bank.
Greenwich Palace became the cradle of three English monarchs, beginning with Henry VIII in 1491, and continuing with Mary I in 1516 and Elizabeth I in 1533. The palace was the site of Henry VIII's marriage to Catherine of Aragon and the christenings of Mary and Elizabeth. The palace was also the birthplace of Elizabeth I.
The Palace of Placentia fell into disrepair during the English Civil War and served as a biscuit factory and a prisoner-of-war camp. The friary that had been established on adjacent land in 1485 by the Observant Friars was eventually expelled by Elizabeth I in 1559. The transition from a place of royal splendor to a site of industrial and military use reflected the turbulent times in which it stood.
Most of the rest of the Palace of Placentia was demolished and the site remained empty until construction of the Greenwich Hospital began in 1694. In 1660, Charles II decided to rebuild the palace but the project was never fully realized. The only section of the new building to be completed was the east range of the present King Charles Court.
Archaeological work in 2017 and 2006 revealed previously unknown Tudor remains including lead-glazed tiles that were probably used as the flooring for the service areas such as the kitchen. A full archaeological excavation completed in January 2006 found the Tudor Chapel and Vestry with its tiled floor in situ. During construction of the visitors' centre for the painted hall in 2017, two more Tudor palace rooms were uncovered.