Short answers, pulled from the story.
The name Pakistan was coined by Choudhry Rahmat Ali, who first published it as "Pakstan" in January 1933 in a pamphlet called Now or Never. He formed it from the names of homelands Panjab, Afghania, Kashmir, Sindh, and Baluchistan, and explained it means the land of the Paks, the spiritually pure and clean.
Pakistan was established on the 14th of August 1947 after the partition of British India. The formal declaration to partition was issued by Viceroy Lord Mountbatten on the evening of the 3rd of June 1947, and the new nation joined the Muslim-majority eastern and northwestern regions of British India.
East Pakistan seceded as Bangladesh in 1971 after a nine-month civil war. When the East Pakistani Awami League won the 1970 elections, Yahya Khan and the military refused to transfer power, triggering Operation Searchlight and a war of liberation that ended in Indian victory.
Pakistan has a population of over 241.5 million, making it the fifth-most populous country in the world. It also holds the second-largest Muslim population as of 2023.
Kashmir is a disputed Himalayan region claimed by both India and Pakistan since the Partition of India in 1947. India controls about 45.1 percent and Pakistan roughly 38.2 percent, with China holding about 20 percent. A United Nations ceasefire in 1949 created the Line of Control as a de facto border, and a promised plebiscite was never held.
Pakistan is a declared nuclear-weapon state. It conducted underground nuclear tests in May 1998 after India's tests that month, becoming the seventh country to possess such weapons, and it maintains a policy of Full spectrum deterrence.