Short answers, pulled from the story.
Choudhry Rahmat Ali coined the name Pakistan in January 1933. He published a pamphlet titled Now or Never to introduce the word as an acronym for the homelands of Panjab, Afghania, Kashmir, Sindh, and Baluchistan.
The modern state of Pakistan was established on the 14th of August 1947 following the partition of British India. Estimates suggest that between 200,000 and 2,000,000 people were killed in the riots that accompanied the division of Punjab Province.
The region contains the 8,500-year-old Neolithic site of Mehrgarh in Balochistan and the Indus Valley Civilisation which flourished during the Bronze Age. The area also hosted the Gandhara civilisation and was part of the Achaemenid Empire around 517 BCE.
Muhammad Ali Jinnah became Pakistan's first Governor-General after the country was established on the 14th of August 1947. He died of tuberculosis on the 11th of September 1948.
Pakistan conducted its underground nuclear tests in 1998 making it the seventh country to possess nuclear weapons. The program was spearheaded by Abdul Qadeer Khan who established the Kahuta Research Laboratories in 1976.
Pakistan's economy ranks 27th globally by purchasing power parity and 42nd by nominal GDP. Around 44.7% of the population live below the international poverty line of US$4.20 a day.