Short answers, pulled from the story.
Natalie Portman portrays Padmé Amidala in all three prequel films: The Phantom Menace (1999), Attack of the Clones (2002), and Revenge of the Sith (2005). Portman was eighteen years old when she was cast, selected from more than two hundred auditioned actresses.
Padmé dies on the asteroid base Polis Massa shortly after giving birth to twins Luke and Leia in Revenge of the Sith (2005). Anakin Skywalker, now Darth Vader, had used the Force to strangle her into unconsciousness on Mustafar, and she did not recover.
Padmé Amidala is the mother of Luke Skywalker and Leia Organa. After her death, the twins are separated: Leia is sent to Alderaan to be raised by Senator Bail Organa and his wife Breha, while Luke is taken to Tatooine to be raised by Owen and Beru Lars.
Anakin turned to the dark side primarily because of visions of Padmé dying in childbirth. Palpatine exploited that fear by telling Anakin that the dark side held the power to save her, which led Anakin to become Palpatine's Sith apprentice, Darth Vader.
Padmé's most quoted line is "So this is how liberty dies - with thunderous applause," spoken in Revenge of the Sith (2005) as Palpatine declares the Republic a Galactic Empire.
Catherine Taber voiced Padmé Amidala in both the 2008 animated film The Clone Wars and the television series of the same name. Taber also voiced the character in the web series Forces of Destiny (2017-2018).