Short answers, pulled from the story.
Otto Stern received the 1943 Nobel Prize in Physics for his contribution to the development of the molecular ray method and his discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences cited both achievements in the official citation.
Otto Stern received 82 nominations for the Nobel Prize between 1925 and 1945, making him the second most nominated person in Nobel Prize history.
The Stern-Gerlach experiment, conducted in February 1922 at the Physikalischer Verein in Frankfurt am Main, demonstrated that the spin of atoms is quantized, meaning it takes on discrete orientations rather than a continuous range of values. Stern carried out the experiment with Walther Gerlach.
Otto Stern was born on the 17th of February 1888 in Sohrau, Germany, now Żory in Poland. He died on the 17th of August 1969 in Berkeley, California, at the age of 81.
Stern resigned from his position at the University of Hamburg in 1933 because of the Nazi seizure of power, known as the Machtergreifung. He was Jewish and unwilling to remain under the new regime. He subsequently became Professor of Physics at the Carnegie Institute of Technology in Pittsburgh.
The Stern-Gerlach Medal is an award given by the German Physical Society for excellence in experimental physics. It is named after Otto Stern and Walther Gerlach in recognition of their collaborative work on spin quantization.