What does the term Ostarbeiter mean in Nazi Germany?
Ostarbeiter was a Nazi Germany term for foreign slave workers from territories seized during Operation Barbarossa. These Eastern workers were marked with an OST badge and faced harsher conditions than other groups of forced laborers.
When did the age limit for Ostarbeiter drop to 10 years old?
The age limit for Ostarbeiter was reduced to 10 on the 1st of November 1943. By 1944, most new workers were under the age of 16 because older individuals had been conscripted for service in Germany.
How many Ostarbeiter were taken to Germany as forced laborers?
Estimates suggest that between three million and 5.5 million people were taken to Germany as forced laborers. By late summer 1944, official records listed 7.6 million foreign civilian workers and prisoners of war in Greater Germany.
Why were female Ostarbeiter subjected to forced abortions or death of their children?
Female Ostarbeiter were subjected to forced abortions or death of their children due to Nazi racial policies and suspicion that they were conceiving to cheat work requirements. When born children did not pass racial testing, up to 90 percent died a torturous death due to calculated abandonment.
What happened to Ostarbeiter after World War II ended?
After the war, many Ostarbeiter were initially placed in displaced person camps before being moved to Kempten for processing and returned to their country of origin, primarily the USSR. Those in Soviet occupational zones were returned automatically while others faced state-sanctioned stigmatization upon return.