Short answers, pulled from the story.
Wilde was convicted of gross indecency under Section 11 of the Criminal Law Amendment Act 1885, a term for homosexual acts not amounting to buggery. On the 25th of May 1895, he was sentenced to two years' hard labour, the maximum penalty allowed under the law.
The Importance of Being Earnest is a society comedy widely considered Wilde's masterpiece. It premiered on the 14th of February 1895 at St James's Theatre in London, where Allan Aynesworth, who played Algernon, later recalled it as the greatest triumph of his fifty-three-year acting career.
Wilde initiated a prosecution for criminal libel after Queensberry left a calling card at Wilde's club on the 18th of February 1895 inscribed "For Oscar Wilde, posing somdomite." Wilde was encouraged by his lover Lord Alfred Douglas, Queensberry's son, and pursued the case against the advice of friends including Frank Harris.
The Picture of Dorian Gray was Wilde's only novel; the first version appeared in the July 1890 edition of Lippincott's Monthly Magazine. The Daily Chronicle called it "unclean" and "poisonous." Wilde revised it extensively for book publication in 1891, adding six new chapters and a preface of twenty-two epigrams.
Between January and March 1897, while at Reading Gaol, Wilde wrote a 50,000-word letter to Lord Alfred Douglas that was published posthumously as De Profundis. After his release in May 1897, he wrote The Ballad of Reading Gaol (1898), a long poem inspired by the execution of Charles Thomas Wooldridge, a Royal Horse Guards trooper hanged at Reading on the 7th of July 1896.
Wilde's father was Sir William Wilde, Ireland's leading ear and eye surgeon, knighted in 1864, who also wrote books on Irish archaeology and folklore. His mother, Lady Jane Wilde, wrote nationalist poetry under the pseudonym "Speranza" for the Young Irelanders in 1848 and read their verse aloud to her sons, cultivating in Oscar a love of poetry from childhood.