Short answers, pulled from the story.
The first successful organ transplant between living humans occurred in 1954. Dr. Joseph Murray performed the procedure in Boston by removing a kidney from Ronald Herrick and placing it into his identical twin brother Richard.
Christiaan Barnard performed the first successful human-to-human heart transplant on the 3rd of December 1967 in Cape Town, South Africa. He placed the heart of a car accident victim into Louis Washkansky, who survived for eighteen days.
Impoverished families in countries like Pakistan and India sold their kidneys for amounts as low as 40,000 to 60,000 rupees, which amounted to roughly 900 to 1,350 dollars. The price of a kidney on the black market could exceed 160,000 dollars.
Johns Hopkins Hospital completed a record 60-person domino chain of 30 kidney transplants in February 2012. This method allows all organ recipients to get a transplant even if their living donor is not a match for them.
The United States performed the first successful heart transplant from a pig to a human patient in 2022. The recipient later died as the pig's heart was infected with porcine cytomegalovirus.
Less than 3 percent of all deaths in the United States are the result of brain death. This statistic results in severe shortages of suitable organs for transplantation.