Short answers, pulled from the story.
Athens held officials to a standard of straightness through the euthyna institution in the fifth century B.C.E. This body enforced that they give an account in front of an Assembly of citizens about everything that they did that year.
Wallace Parks served on a subcommittee on Government Information created by the U.S. Congress and introduced the term open government in his 1957 article titled The Open Government Principle: Applying the Right to Know under the Constitution. Federal courts began using the term as a synonym for government transparency after the passing of the Freedom of Information Act in 1966.
Sweden enacted free press legislation as part of its constitution in 1766, known as the Freedom of the Press Act. Scandinavian countries claim to have adopted the first freedom of information legislation dating back to the eighteenth century.
Teresa Scassa, a law professor at the University of Ottawa, outlined three main possible privacy challenges in a 2014 article. First is the difficulty of balancing further transparency while protecting personal information. Second involves dealing with distinctions between data protection regulations between private and public sector actors. Third concerns the release of Big data which may appear anonymized but can be reconnected to specific individuals using sophisticated algorithms.
The Open Government Partnership launched in 2011 to allow domestic reformers to make governments across the world more open, accountable, and responsive to citizens. Since 2011, OGP has grown to 75 participating countries whose government and civil societies work together to develop reforms.