Short answers, pulled from the story.
Olof Skötkonung was King of Sweden from around 995 to 1022, son of Eric the Victorious. He is regarded as the first Swedish ruler to have governed both the Swedes and the Geats, the first to mint coins, and the first Christian king in central Sweden. His reign is considered to mark the transition from the Viking Age to the Middle Ages in Sweden.
The name has no single agreed interpretation. One reading, supported by historians Niels Lund and Peter Sawyer, derives it from the Swedish word "skatt" and translates it as "tributary king", implying subordination to the Danish king Sweyn Forkbeard. A second explanation links the name to his distinction as the first Swedish king to mint coins, and a third connects it to an ancient land ownership ceremony called scotting.
In 999 or 1000, Olof Skötkonung allied with Sweyn Forkbeard of Denmark and the Norwegian jarls Eric and Sven against the Norwegian king Olaf Tryggvason. The allied fleets defeated Tryggvason at the Battle of Svolder; Tryggvason disappeared during the battle and was presumed dead. Olof's share of the divided Norway included part of Trøndelag and what is now Bohuslän.
According to the Westrogothic law and its embedded chronicle from around 1240, Olof was baptized at Husaby in Västergötland by the missionary Sigfrid. A well at Husaby parish church is traditionally identified as the sacred spring used for the baptism, and a commemorative sign marks the site.
Thorgny the Lawspeaker was the foster-father of Olof's cousin Ragnvald Ulfsson. In 1018, at the thing of Uppsala, Thorgny delivered a speech condemning Olof's refusal to make peace with Norway. He threatened that the people would kill the king if he continued his obstinacy, citing ancestors who had drowned five arrogant kings in a well at Mula thing. Faced with that ultimatum, Olof temporarily agreed to peace terms.
Ingegerd Olofsdotter, daughter of Olof Skötkonung, married Yaroslav I the Wise instead of Olaf II of Norway, to whom she had been promised as part of a peace agreement. When Olaf learned of the broken promise, he prepared to attack Sweden. The crisis was averted around 1019 when Olof's other daughter Astrid secretly traveled to Norway and married Olaf in Ingegerd's place, an arrangement made without Olof's knowledge.