Short answers, pulled from the story.
The first written record of Nuremberg appears in 1050, describing an imperial castle situated between East Francia and the Margraviate of the Nordgau. This early mention marks the beginning of a city that would grow to become one of the most significant political centers in the Holy Roman Empire.
Charles IV's Golden Bull of 1356 designated Nuremberg as the mandatory location for newly elected kings to hold their first Imperial Diet. This decree elevated the city to one of the three most important cities within the Empire.
Martin Behaim, a navigator and geographer from the city, constructed the first world globe. The city fostered a rich literary culture during the Middle Ages that evolved into a German Renaissance hub during the 15th and 16th centuries.
During Kristallnacht on the 10th of November 1938, two remaining synagogues and numerous Jewish-owned shops burned to the ground. Of the 91 Jews in Germany who died as a result of Kristallnacht, 26 were in Nuremberg, including ten suicides.
Hermann Göring committed suicide in his prison cell with a cyanide pill on the 15th of October just hours before his scheduled execution by hanging. Following the trials, many prominent German Nazi politicians and military leaders were executed in October 1946.