Short answers, pulled from the story.
A nonfood crop, also called an industrial crop, is grown to produce goods for manufacturing rather than food for consumption. Examples include hemp for fiber, switchgrass for biofuel, and Cannabis sativa for pharmaceuticals.
Algae, Jatropha, switchgrass, and Buchloe dactyloides are all cited as energy crops used to produce bioethanol, biobutanol, biodiesel, syngas, and bioenergy.
Hemp and wheat are the main building crops, producing hemp-lime building materials, straw building materials, insulation, paints, and varnishes. Linseed (flax) and bamboo are also listed as construction-related crops.
Borage, Cannabis sativa, Echinacea, Artemisia, and tobacco are all listed as pharmaceutical source crops. They supply traditional drugs, herbal medicines, nutritional supplements, and novel plant-made pharmaceuticals.
Industrial crops are designated to raise farm sector income and support economic development in rural areas. They can also supply substitutes for imported goods, reducing national dependence on outside supply chains.
Coir, cotton, flax, hemp, manila hemp, papyrus, and sisal are all listed as fiber crops used to produce paper, cloth, fabric, padding, string, twine, and rope.