Short answers, pulled from the story.
Nomadic pastoralism is a practice where livestock are herded to seek out new pastures for grazing without sticking to fixed seasonal routes. Transhumance involves moving between specific summer highlands and winter lowlands on a predictable schedule.
Juris Zarins proposed that pastoral nomadism began as a cultural lifestyle after the 6200 BC climatic crisis. This development followed the Neolithic Revolution when humans began domesticating animals and plants while forming cities.
Most practitioners live in the developing world within steppe lands north of Eurasia's agricultural zone. Significant populations also reside in central Asia and the Sahel region of North and West Africa including groups like Fulani Tuaregs and Toubou.
These movements cover approximately 180 to 200 kilometers in northern hemisphere examples. Camps get established in the same place each year along these migration routes with semi-permanent shelters existing at least one point on every route taken.
Successive peoples included Bronze Age Proto-Indo-Europeans Scythians Sarmatians Cimmerians Massagetae Alans Pechenegs Cumans Kipchaks Karluks Saka Yuezhi Wusun Jie Xiongnu Xianbei Khitan Pannonian Avars Huns Mongols Dzungars and various Turkics. The Mongols practiced nomadic transhumance on harsh Asian steppes across what is now Mongolia Russia and China.