Short answers, pulled from the story.
Alfred Nobel created the Peace Prize category in 1896 despite being a chemical engineer who invented dynamite and ballistite. Some scholars suggest his friendship with Bertha von Suttner influenced this decision, while other accounts claim a mistaken obituary calling him the merchant of death after his brother Ludvig died in 1888 led to shock.
The committee typically concludes its work by mid September though some decisions wait until October. The Chairman of the Norwegian Nobel Committee presents the prize on December 10th each year which marks the anniversary of Alfred Nobel's death.
Nineteen women have won the Nobel Peace Prize more than any other Nobel Prize category since March 1901. The Peace Prize has gone to 111 individuals and 27 organizations during that time period.
Oslo City Hall has hosted the event for over three decades now starting from 1990. Before 1990 ceremonies took place at the University of Oslo Faculty of Law between 1947 and 1989 and earlier events occurred at the Norwegian Nobel Institute from 1905 to 1946.
Mahatma Gandhi was nominated four times between 1937 and 1948 before his assassination but never received the award. In 1948 the committee declined to award anyone stating no suitable living candidate existed that year.