Short answers, pulled from the story.
Mir Qamar-ud-din Khan was born on the 11th of August 1671 and held a military rank of 400 zaat and 100 sowar by 1684. This position was roughly equivalent to a modern battalion commander and marked his early entry into the imperial court.
Nizam-ul-Mulk defeated Mubariz Khan at the Battle of Shakar Kheda in 1724 with the help of the Marathas. He subsequently proclaimed himself Nizam and established the Asaf Jahi dynasty while remaining loyal to the Mughal Emperor in name.
Nizam-ul-Mulk remained inert with a third of the army during the Battle of Karnal to preserve his forces and maintain autonomy. He later risked his life to negotiate with Nader Shah and successfully ended the massacre in Delhi.
Nizam-ul-Mulk died on the 1st of June 1748 at Burhanpur and was buried at the mazaar of Shaikh Burhan ud-din Gharib Chisti in Khuldabad. This burial site is near Aurangabad and is the same place where his mentor Aurangzeb is also buried.
The Treaty of Mungi-Shevgaon was signed with Bajirao I after the Nizam was defeated at the Battle of Palkhed. This treaty restored the Maratha right to collect levies in the Carnatic region and marked the beginning of a complex relationship between the Nizam and the Marathas.