Short answers, pulled from the story.
Scottish physician Daniel Rutherford isolated a new gas in 1772 during experiments at the University of Edinburgh. He called this substance noxious air because it extinguished flames and killed small animals placed inside it.
French chemist Jean-Antoine-Claude Chaptal proposed the name nitrogen in 1790 after observing its presence in nitric acid and nitrates. The English word nitrogen entered common usage by 1794 through Chaptal's influence.
Two stable isotopes exist naturally: nitrogen-14 makes up 99.634% while nitrogen-15 accounts for 0.366%. Scientists discovered the heavy isotope nitrogen-15 in 1929 through work by S.M. Naudé.
The Haber-Bosch process developed from 1908 to 1913 revolutionized global food production capabilities. Today half of all food relies on synthetic nitrogen fertilizers created through these methods.
Scientists discovered hexanitrogen N6 as a new allotrope in June 2025 through research by Weiyu Qian. This molecule exists as a dimeric state of azide ions and shows potential lifetime exceeding one century at 77 Kelvin.